using

For a c++ program to execute, we need #include.

Modularization is also similar to macros but it is used to build large projects.

The derived class inherit everything from the base class except the given things.

127

Because these are the types used to declare variables and so these can be declared as constants.

Struct and union take the same definition of class but differs in the access techniques.

Because the first element always starts at 0

printf();

Recursive Function

private

The private keyword specifies that the members are accessible only from member functions and friends of the class.

Declaration of Function

At what point of time a variable comes into existence in memory is determined by its storage class.

private

public

‘\n’ and endl both are used to print new line but endl flushes the buffer after printing new line.

Before the initial standardization in 1998, C++ was developed by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs since 1979 as an extension of the C language; he wanted an efficient and flexible language similar to C that also provided high-level features for program organization.

Dynamic binding

The process of designing a new class (derived) from the existing (base) class to acquire the attributes of the existing is called as inheritance. Inheritance gives the concept of reusability for code/software components.

Because they access the functions in the module using interface.

In the call by reference, it will just copy the address of the variable to access it, so it will reduce the memory in accessing it.

The classes in c++ are used to manipulate both data and functions.

Valgrind

The execution of a C++ program starts from main function hence we require atleast 1 function to be present in a C++ program to execute and i.e. the main function

The do while loop checks the test condition at the end during the process of execution

Do while loop

Here the set of codes are first processed, the condition given is evaluated.

If the test condition is false even the do while runs atleast once as in do while loop the condition is checked in the last.

Do while name itself tells us that first do then check

Ex  

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

int i=0;

do

{

printf(“execute\n”);

}

While(i==1);

printf(“not executed\n”);

}

Class A first Class B next

C++ programs are interpreted by an interpreter

Minimum number of temporary variable needed to swap the contents of 2 variables is:”0″